Day  111

3 colligative properties;  vapor-pressure lowering , freezing point depression , boiling-point elevation

Nonvolatile;  a substance that has little tendency to become a gas under the existing conditions.

Colligative property;  is a property that depends on the number of solute particles but is dependent of their    
                                       nature.

Molal freezing point constant;  is the freezing-point depression of the solvent in a 1 molal solution of a    
                                                        nonvolatile, molecular solute.

Molal boiling-point constant;  is the boiling-point elevation of the solvent in a 1 molal solution of a         
                                                      nonvolatile, molecular solute.  


Section Review p.  433 # 1


1a)  Freezing-Point Depression.  Antifreeze acts by lowering the vapor pressure of the solution and, as a result, they lower the freezing point.  

1b) Boiling-Point Elevation.  Salt changes the vapor pressure of water and it causes a corresponding change in the boiling point. 

Chapter Review p.  435 # 16

16a)  Lowers it.
b)  Lowers it.
c)  Raises it.